用must表推测的反意疑问句的有关用法  
1) 对现在情况的推测，问句部分用主动词（do,be)一般现在时的适当形式。若是现在进行时，问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。若是there be结构，问句用isn't/aren't there。如： 
a. He must be there,isn't he? 
b. He must have a big family,doesn't he? 
c. He must be waiting outside,isn't he? 
d. There must be some students in the room,aren't there? 
2) 对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didn't；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven't或hasn't。如： 
a. They must have gone there last night,didn't they? 
b. They must have arrived by now,haven't they?（根据by now来判断） 
c. They must have been to the Great Wall,haven't they?
3) 若是被动，应按被动结构来处理。如： 
a. The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasn't it? 

b. The room must have been cleaned,hasn't it? 

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4) 若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语，问句部分应用hadn't. 如: 
   They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term,hadn't they? 
(本题中must表推测，如果将它去掉，还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term.因此，反意问句是hadn't）

Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thank­you note expressing   1   for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and   2   me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She proved to be right.
A study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thank­you notes. Just 5 minutes to make   3   person feel overjoyed!   4  ， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is   5   for us—a quick text or an email.
It's easy to use the excuse of being busy, but even very busy and   6   businessmen find time to   7   thank­you notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbell's, the company had lost half of its market value and morale(士气) was at an all­time low. He   8   fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not   9   in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every   10  . He gained their confidence and naturally, turned the company   11  ．
In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. It's   12   not to ask how he did it.   13  ， he had many other things to do besides writing a thank­you note. Conant made time for   14   because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of   15   in this crazy world still makes a difference.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条让他人感到快乐。
1．A.concern  B．sympathy
C．affection D．appreciation
D [根据该句中的“a handwritten thank­you note expressing          for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。]
2．A.consult B．instruct
C．answer D．impress
B [根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper...and value of saying ‘thank you’”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。]
3．A.one B．any 
C．each D．another
D [根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条需要不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。]
4．A.Yet B．Therefore
C．So D．Otherwise
A [根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文内容可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。]
5．A.special B．necessary
C．convenient D．important
C [根据该句中的“a quick text or an email” 可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。]
6．A.humorous B．optimistic
C．successful D．experienced
C [根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条，故C项正确。]
7．A.pen B．receive
C．design D．deliver
A [参见上题解析。]
8．A.gave up B．kept up
C．set about D．worried about
C [根据该句中的“He          fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。]
9．A.permitted B．taught
C．checked D．tested
B [根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。]
10．A.market B．businessman
C．company D．employee
D [根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。]
11．A.up B．down
C．away D．around
D [参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低”；turn away意为“拒绝”。]
12．A.hard B．great
C．amazing D．disappointing
A [根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多个便条；结合语境和常识可推知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。]
13．A.As usual B．In short
C．By the way D．After all
D [根据语境可推知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他还有许多其他事情要做，故D项正确。A项意为“像往常一样”，B项意为“简言之”，C项意为“顺便提一下”，都与文意不符。]
14．A.me B．it
C．him D．them
B [根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thank­you note”，故B项正确。]
15．A.kindness B．joy
C．value D．confidence
A [根据本文第一句中的“expressing          for kindness”并结合全文内容可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。]

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